不同剂量舒芬太尼在腹部术后镇痛中的应用

目的探究不同剂量舒芬太尼在腹部手术术后静脉镇痛中的应用。方法择取2018年6月-2019年2月期间本院收治的92例腹部手术患者,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组46例。对照组行小剂量舒芬太尼给药,观察组行大剂量舒芬太尼给药,比较两组患者术后不同时间点疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)以及不良反应发生率。结果术后8h两组患者VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);术后12 h、术后24 h以及术后48 h观察组患者VAS评分均低于对照组,不良反应发生率6.52%低于对照组23.91%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论腹部手术患者术后静脉镇痛使用大剂量舒芬太尼具有更理想的麻醉镇痛效果,且安全性高。     

不同剂量硬膜外分娩镇痛对产后尿潴留的影响

目的探讨不同剂量下罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼硬膜外分娩镇痛方案安全性和对产后尿潴留的影响。方法选取2018年5月-2019年5月本院妇产科收治的拟行硬膜外分娩镇痛下自然分娩的初产妇80例,随机分为甲方案组和乙方案组,每组40例,甲方案组产妇采取0.1%罗哌卡因+0.3μg/mL舒芬太尼的硬膜外分娩镇痛方案,乙方案组产妇采取0.075%罗哌卡因+0.5μg/mL舒芬太尼的硬膜外分娩镇痛方案,比较两组产妇的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、尿潴留、其他不良反应和新生儿出生后Apgar评分。结果结果显示,两组的镇痛时间差异无统计学意义;与此同时,在子宫颈开口3 cm时(T0)、分娩镇痛后30 min(T1)、宫颈口开口10 cm时(T2)、分娩即刻(T3)和分娩后2 h时(T4)5个时间点的疼痛评分差异均无统计学意义;但麻醉后的其他时间点的疼痛评分与T0比较,均具有统计学意义。甲方案组尿潴留发生率为5.00%,低于乙方案的20.00%,差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=4.114,P=0.043)。两组产妇分娩的新生儿在出生后l min、5 min和10 min时的Apgar评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两种剂量的分娩镇痛方案均可有效缓解分娩疼痛,但在0.1%罗哌卡因+0.3μg/mL舒芬太尼剂量下产后尿潴留的发生风险更小。     

腰痛宁胶囊联合碳酸钙D3片治疗老年性骨质疏松性骨痛的临床疗效

目的 探讨腰痛宁胶囊联合碳酸钙D₃片在缓解老年性骨质疏松性骨痛方面的临床疗效。方法 收集自2018年9月-2019年12月在陕西中医药大学附属医院骨伤科门诊就诊，符合老年性骨质疏松症诊断标准，疼痛视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale，VAS）评分在3~8分患者120例，随机分为对照组（60例）和治疗组（60例）。对照组口服碳酸钙D₃片作为基础治疗，每次0.6 g，1次/d；治疗组在对照组基础上内服腰痛宁胶囊治疗骨质疏松性骨痛，每次4粒，每晚睡前0.5 h黄酒10 mL兑少量温开水送服。降钙素类其他抗骨质疏松药物，医师知情可不改变剂量的情况下继续使用。连续用药2周，入组前及入组后3、7、14 d各随访1次，共4次，时间窗±1 d。治疗结束后根据各访视期VAS评分改变，以疼痛程度改善情况进行疗效评价。测定治疗前、后患者血清中疼痛相关因子。结果 治疗组60例患者总有效率91.7%。对照组60例患者总有效率23.3%，有效率明显低于治疗组，两组差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗组治疗后与治疗前比较，从静息痛、触压痛、活动痛三方面观察，VAS评分均有所下降（P<0.05、0.01），疗效肯定；而对照组治疗后与治疗前比较，VAS评分的变化不明显，疗效不佳。经14 d治疗后，对照组患者血清前列腺素E2（PGE₂）、P物质（SP）和5-羟色胺（5-HT）的水平无显著变化，治疗组均显著下降（P<0.01）。结论 腰痛宁胶囊联合碳酸钙D₃片在缓解老年性骨质疏松症骨痛方面起效快，疗效显著。     

羟考酮注射液对腹腔镜袖状胃切除术患者血流动力学及镇痛效果的影响

目的探讨羟考酮注射液对腹腔镜袖状胃切除术(LSG)患者血流动力学及镇痛效果的影响。方法随机将2017年10月至2019年10月在我院进行LSG的180例患者分为观察组(n=90,羟考酮)与对照组(n=90,芬太尼)。比较两组血流动力学指标、血糖、Cor及E水平及镇痛效果。结果T0、T1、T2时,观察组的MAP、HR均低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后12 h,两组患者血糖、Cor及E水平均较术前升高,但观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后6、12 h,观察组的VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论羟考酮应用于LSG患者镇痛效果好,可减轻应激反应,促进患者血流动力学稳定。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后右美托咪定滴鼻镇痛的效果观察

目的观察右美托咪定滴鼻用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛的有效性和安全性。 方法选择2021年10月至2022年1月于邛崃市医疗中心医院收治并择期行全身麻醉下腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者64例，其中男性17例，女性47例；年龄18~65岁，平均(44.03±10.97)岁；体重指数(BMI)<35kg/m²；美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组，试验组(D组，31例)于术毕清醒拔除喉罩后给予右美托咪定2 μg/kg滴鼻，对照组(C组，33例)于术毕清醒拔除喉罩后给予等容量0.9%等渗盐水滴鼻。记录两组患者一般情况及术中情况；记录术后2、8、12、24 h静息和运动时视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale，VAS)；记录术后24 h内补救镇痛的例数以及初次补救镇痛的间隔时间；记录术后24 h内恶心、呕吐的发生例数及严重程度；记录24 h内最满意镇痛且最轻呕吐(satisfactory analgesia with minimal emesis，SAME)的达标比例；记录术后24 h内严重心动过缓、呼吸抑制、循环不稳、镇静过度等不良反应的发生情况。 结果与C组比较，D组2、8 h静息和运动VAS评分及12 h运动VAS评分明显降低(P<0.05)，两组术后补救镇痛的次数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，但D组初次补救镇痛的间隔时间明显延长(P<0.05)。与C组比较，D组术后恶心呕吐的发生率及严重程度明显降低(P<0.05)。D组SAME达标率明显高于C组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后均未出现严重心动过缓、呼吸抑制(SPO₂低于95%)、循环不稳(需要药物干预)、镇静过度等不良反应。 结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术后右美托咪定2 μg/kg滴鼻能在不辅助其他术后镇痛药的情况下，改善患者术后疼痛及恶心呕吐，延长初次补救镇痛的间隔时间，且无明显不良反应。     

Temporal changes in extra-axial brain hematoma's signal intensity in magnetic resonance images of trauma patients: A preliminary,technical study

IntroductionDating the exact or estimated time of trauma is an important issue facing forensic medicine. Several clinical and radiological methods were used to achieve this purpose. In the recent study, we aimed to track the changes in the signal intensity of the extra-axial brain hematoma using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conventional sequences as well as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).Materials and methodsConsidering inclusion and exclusion criteria, all patients with blunt head trauma were involved. After proper management., stabilization, and resuscitation, the participants were assessed using conventional sequences of MRI and DWI twenty-four hours, forty-eight hours, and three weeks after the injury. Temporal changes of signal intensity were compared by Wilcoxon ranged test.ResultsSixteen patients sustaining blunt head trauma were included in this study. The study showed that during the time, diffusion restriction could be seen in an extraaxial hematoma. At the first 24 hours, the signal of hematoma was void in 87.5% of DWI and 100% of ADC. On the second day, they were hypo-signal in 75% of DWI and 100% 0f ADCs, and after three weeks, 100% of cases were hyper-signal in DWI and hypo-signal ADCs.ConclusionThis preliminary study has shown that the DWI can be used to detect and track the extra-axial hematoma. The signal intensity was void during the first twentyfour hours, although it became hypo-signal after 48 hours. Of note, the diffusion restriction is noted after three weeks.     

Cryoneurolysis before Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Severe Osteoarthritis for Reduction of Postoperative Pain and Opioid Use in a Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundWe hypothesized that preoperative cryoneurolysis of the superficial genicular nerves in patients with osteoarthritis would decrease postoperative opioid use relative to standard of care (SOC) treatment in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsPatients received either cryoneurolysis (intent-to-treat [ITT]: n = 62) or SOC (ITT: n = 62). The cryoneurolysis group received cryoneurolysis of the superficial genicular nerves 3–7 days before surgery plus a similar preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative pain management protocol as the SOC group. The primary end point was cumulative opioid consumption in total daily morphine equivalents from discharge to the 6-week study follow-up assessment. Secondary end points included changes in pain and functional scores. Primary and secondary end points were assessed using ITT and per-protocol (PP) analyses.ResultsThe primary end point was not met in the ITT analysis (4.8 [cryoneurolysis] vs 6.1 [SOC] mg; P = .0841) but was met in the PP analysis (4.2 vs 5.9 mg; P = .0186) after excluding patients with medication deviations or missing follow-up data. Compared with the SOC group, the cryoneurolysis group had improved functional scores and numerical improvements in pain scores across all follow-up assessments, with significant improvements observed in current pain from baseline to the 72-hour and 2-week follow-up assessments and pain in the past week from baseline to the 12-week follow-up assessment.ConclusionFindings from the PP analysis suggest that preoperative cryoneurolysis in patients with knee osteoarthritis can reduce opioid consumption and improve functional outcomes after TKA.     

Randomized trial of bupivacaine with epinephrine versus bupivacaine liposome suspension in patients undergoing minimally invasive lung resection

ObjectivesThoracic surgery can cause significant pain, and multiple strategies have been developed to control pain after surgery. We compared 2 bupivacaine formulations given intraoperatively: bupivacaine with epinephrine (1,200,000) or liposomal bupivacaine.MethodsThis was a randomized, open-label study (NCT03560362). Eligible patients were adults scheduled for a minimally invasive lung procedure. Incision sites were injected with bupivacaine with epinephrine or liposomal bupivacaine before incision, and each intercostal space was injected with 1 mL of bupivacaine with epinephrine or liposomal bupivacaine entering the thoracic cavity. Patient-controlled analgesia was initiated in the recovery room. Pain was recorded using a visual analog scale. The primary outcome was the amount of narcotics taken during the postoperative hospital stay.ResultsWe recruited 50 patients; 25 received bupivacaine with epinephrine, and 25 received liposomal bupivacaine. The treatment groups were similar in age, histology, and procedure performed. There were no statistical differences between the treatment groups in the amount of narcotics required during the hospital stay (36.3 mg for bupivacaine and 38 mg for liposomal bupivacaine) or in pain assessed the day of surgery (5 and 5), the first day (3.5 and 2.3), second day (3 and 2.6), 2 weeks (0 and 1), or 3 months (0 and 0) postoperatively. Hospital length of stay and complications were also similar.ConclusionsIn a small, randomized study, we did not find significant differences between bupivacaine with epinephrine or liposomal bupivacaine in mitigating pain after minimally invasive lung resection. We currently favor using the less expensive nonliposomal bupivacaine preparations until additional data are available.